An Over View Of Brand And Brand Image Marketing Essay

An Over View Of Brand And Brand Image Marketing Essay CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Primary Research Primary research data is collected directly, detached observation, evaluate of phenomena in the real life, without any exoteric interference (Walliman 2001). There are some primary research methods, such as questionnaire, interview, observations, etc. For the research project choose the suitable methodology is very necessary and effective. In this project will use the one of the primary research method: questionnaire Questionnaire is very direct way to get feedback from responder When create the questionnaire need consider all the questions are related the topic, and all the answers also need to analysis, discussion and so on. In this project will find 60 female students to answer the questions, their ages are from 18-25 years old. All of them are from Hollings Campus of MMU. The researcher should make sure the questionnaire easily to answer, give the responder a comfortable and free environment to answer the questions; and do not make questions verbose and complicated. Thus the researcher can get the maximum feedback. When create the questionnaire need consider all the questions are related the topic, and all the answers also need to analysis, discussion and so on. During the research there will have some limitations, because the number and the age of the respondents are not wide enough, so the results only can reflect a group of consumers thought. 2.2 Company background 2.2.1 HM HM was established in Và ¤sterà ¥s, Sweden in 1947 by Erling Persson. Now have 1,700 stores around the world. The first HM store in the United Kingdom was opened in 1976. 2006 United Kingdom passed Sweden as HMs second largest market. Through the recorded there are 146 stores in UK. It has great steady expansion and growth this year, too (HM website). The Figure shows the top 5 largest shareholders as per 31 March 2008 Name Number of shares % of total shares % of voting rights Stefan Persson med familj 304 872 400* 36,84 69,30 Lottie Tham med familj 44 040 200 5,32 2,59 Alecta Pensionsfà ¶rsà ¤kring 27 735 000 3,35 1,63 Swedbank Robur fonder 24 406 752 2,95 1,43 JP Morgan Chase Bank 21 843 019 2,64 1,28 Figure 2.2.1 (a) Ownership structure Source: HM website The reason choose HM is: it is an international big company and come into the UK market, also has successful business in British market, during this project you will find how the HM operate their brand in the UK market, and get consumers responds known the attractive factors of HM. 2.2.2 Levis From its website (Levis website) can know LSCo. is one of the worlds largest brand-name apparel marketers with sales in more than 100 countries. It is America company, there is no other company with a comparable global presence in jeans and casual pants markets. It is a different type of company with HM, its main products are denim. Because the respondents of this project is young female students, so need compare with the valuable price retailer and get the feedback known how popular of the denim brand and find out what the develop direction if Levis want attract the young female students. 2.2.3 All Saints All Saints is a young fashion chain, has nearly 110 stores in the UK (All Saints Website). Kait Bolongaro and Stuart Trevor, who founded All Saints in 1994 and sold the chain to entrepreneur Kevin Stanford at the end of 2005, have struck a deal with Religions majority owner Darren Collins to roll out retail stores under two fascias, one called Bolongaro Trevor and the other called Religion (Tate 2007). All Saints is part owned by investment firm Baugur. Baugur has a stake of about 35% (Brown 2009). Different with above two brands, All Saints is a UK local brand, and do not has that much stores in overseas market like the HM and Levis. From research questions will get how the market status in young female students, and how to build a strong brand awareness and develop the oversea market like above two. These three brands background and target consumers are different, but can use them to compare what influence in this focus group consumer and then give the suggestions to each of them how to develop their brand image or gain more potential consumers. CHAPTER 3 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS 3.1 Logo Recognition Through the research results, the data display all the 60 respondents can recognize the HM and Levis logos; but there are 5 respondents can not recognize the All Saints logo. Figure 3.1 (a): Logo Recognition Status Source: Questionnaire 3.2 Purchase Situation Look at Figure 3.2(a) you can see the data of how many people have bought these three brands. In research the 60 people, there are 59 people have bought HM products and only 1 has not bought before. In the All Saints part, 37 people said they have not bought any All Saints products, rest of 23 respondents have bought before, the distance between Yes and No are smaller. Go to look the Levis part, the gap between Yes and No are smaller than All saints, the 26 respondents have not buy any Levis products, 34 of them have bought before. Figure 3.2(a): Rate of Purchase Situation Source: Questionnaire 3. 3 Most Important Factor The following table and pie charts are showing the occupancy of each factor. You can see it more vivid. The results of most important factor for each brand Brand Factor HM All Saints Levis Price 23 26 8 Quality 11 8 23 Style 25 16 15 Brand 1 10 14 Figure 3.3(a): The number of results of shopping frequency Source: Questionnaire Figure 3.3 (b) HM The percentage of each factor occupancy Source: Questionnaire Figure 3.3 (c) All Saints The percentage of each factor occupancy Source: Questionnaire Figure 3.3 (d) Levis The percentage of each factor occupancy Source: Questionnaire 3.4 Shopping Frequency The following pie charts show the frequency of respondents shop in these stores. Each of them has different situation and these charts give reader clear data. The results of shopping frequency HM All Saints Levis Once a week 4 0 0 Once a month 42 20 23 Several times a month 13 4 7 Not often 0 7 5 Never 0 29 25 Figure 3.4 (a) The results of shopping frequency Source: Questionnaire The percentage of the shopping frequency of each brand Figure 3.4 (b) HM Source: Questionnaire Figure 3.4 (c) All Saints Source: Questionnaire Figure 3.4 (d) Levis Source: Questionnaire 3.5 Average Expenditure Results of how much of the respondents spent on average price brand HM percentage All Saints percentage Levis percentage  ¿Ã‚ ¡0 ~ ¿Ã‚ ¡30 43 71.7% 8 13.3% 8 13.3%  ¿Ã‚ ¡30 ~ ¿Ã‚ ¡60 17 28.3% 0 0 15 25%  ¿Ã‚ ¡60 ~ ¿Ã‚ ¡90 0 0 17 28.3% 17 28.3% above  ¿Ã‚ ¡90 0 0 9 15% 0 0 Never buy 1 0 26 43.3% 20 33.3% Total respondents 60 60 60 Figure 3.5(a) Results of average expenditure Source: Questionnaire CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION From last chapter all the research results are presented, in this part will discussion the results and develop the project. 4.1 Logo Recognition From 3.1 you can know the rate of brand recognition of these three retailers. The first question in questionnaire reflects the consumers impression to a brand. This kind of impression can be considered as brand awareness. Brand awareness reflects the how many customers remember a brand (Glossary 2007). Nowadays, consumers have their own way to judge a brand such as consumers can distinguish the brand with a particular product category because the brand awareness reflects the saliency of a brand and how convenient it brings to consumers (Chernatong McDonald 1998). Brand awareness reflects the brands presence in consumers memory (Hague and Jackson, 1994; Aaker, 2002), and it is the amount of the consumers or potential consumers who have cognition of a brand. Thus, companies will find how many consumers can recognise their brand instinctively and how it differentiation with other competing brands (Crainer 1995). From the results you can know the HM and Levis have very successful brand awareness in peoples mind. This indicated their marketing communications are effectively (Glossary 2007). They always give the people strong impression.In order to consolidate their market status, they have new action continual. For example, HM launch a new flagship on Londons Regent Street in March. This action increases their brand awareness and makes the gain more customers (Brown 2008). The awareness of All Saints are slightly weak than another two brands. So the All Saints need create the strong marketing campaign, or communication to support its brand awareness. Drapers online (2009) reported All Saints has opening several new stores last year, and ramped up international expansion with openings in Paris in October and Antwerp in November. 4.2 Purchase Situation The purchase situation influences the whole income of the company. Income of a company can be divided visible and invisible. The visible income could say sales income, and invisible could say brand equity. Because brand equity is the commercial and financial value of the brand to the organisation which owns and utilises it  ¼Ã‹â€ Crainer 1995; Aaker, 2002 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. Riezebos (2003) and Aaker(2002) defined brand equity is the strategic and management advantage, it is can be the fundamental of competitive advantage, also it is a kind of asset and long- term benefit. Brand equity can understanding from multi perspectives and they concluded that brand equity build on by differential features and give added profit to the companys balance sheet. In 3.2 has presented that the consumer purchases these three brands are dissimilar. Certainly also can said the popularity of these three brands are different. HM is the most popular store of these three, nearly 98% respondents expressed they have shopping experiences in here; this is a popular consumption brand. HM is aimed at everyone with an interest in fashion; it supplies extensive range of products, from clothes to accessories, at same time keeps new items come into the stores every day (HM website). The research results show, All Saints and Levis are not as widespread purchased as HM. Most of these respondents know these two brands, but not mean they certainly have bought their products. More than half ( 62% have not) of the respondents have not buy any All Saints products before, only 38% respondents have bought their products. Of course you may say that they have more development space. To make sure the brand equity growth, the brand gives to convince them that it is relevant to consumers needs can gain more attraction and hold consumers. (Chernatong McDonald 1998). Like recently, All Saints has some advantaged actions to attract more consumers. It has relaunched its online store with new imagery and better navigation, it gives customer a fresh appearance and simpler operating system. Stephen Ritchie, chief executive of Drivebusiness, the etail development firm that handled the relaunch, said: All Saints [the website] has grown phenomenally since we launched it in 2005 and its turnover continues to grow and exceed all expectations. All Saints online store is one of its top performing stores and we continue work with the team on improvements such as the recent enhancements to its distribution centre which has increased output by 250 %( Brown 2009). Levis received better results than All Saints, 57% of them have Levis products. It is more widely purchased by this group of people. Their products have more attraction than All Saints. Like the All Saints, Levis also has positive action. From the Drapersonline: Denim brand Levis has changed the licensee for its underwear and lingerie collection as part of a repositioning strategy. The move is intended to reinvigorate the collection ( Drapersonline 2009). This action gives more opportunity to potential and existing consumers to buy their products. This report said this is a part of repositioning strategy; it means they will have more and effective activities in the future and the consumers purchasing volume will increase. 4. 3 Most Important Factor Different retailer gives different impression to the customers. The research results give us direct information about the consumers ideas. At the same time reflects the consumers buying behaviour. Consumer behaviour is the study of the process when individuals or groups choose, buy, use of products, services, ideas or related experiences to satisfy their needs and wishes (Hawkins, Best and Coney 2004). Usually, when consumers purchasing clothing, they have their own way to judge the store, product, price and so on. In 3.3, the display these three different type retailer give the different impression to consumers. From HM part, there are 45% respondents thought the style are most important factor of this retailer. HM supply a broad and wide range product; the collections are created with broad design ideas and satisfy many different tastes of requirements. Their designing group always take the world as inspiration; styles are following the fashion trends. They try their best to create a good balance between fashion, quality and the best price (HM website). Thus, other 38.3% respondents said the price of HM is acceptable. About the quality there are 15% respondents express they are interested in this and only 1.7% respondents think about the brand of HM. It reflects the fashion consumers have their judgements. Many apparel decisions are rationally consider ones evaluative measure and choosing a feasible alternative. Like Solomon (2004) said if the object reaches consumers interest, they evaluate it and then might purchase. From other point view, this also reflects what the brand image in consumers mind. Brand image includes the target markets interpretation of the products attributes, benefits, usage situations, users, and manufacturer features. In a market brand image reflects schematic memory of a brand (Hawkins, Best and Coney 2004) and consumers perception of a brands characteristics (Hague and Jackson, 1994; Chernatony and McDonald 1998). So from 3.3(b) it demonstrated style and price are main points to attract HM consumers. Look at the All Saints part, 43.3% of respondents considered the most important factor of this retailer is price. Compare with other two retailers the price of All Saints are higher; it is why the consumer think this is important factor of it. Following the price the style are another important section, there are 26.7% respondents are interested in this. 16.7% respondents considered brand, 13.3% considered quality. In the Levis part there are 38.3% respondents thought the quality is the first important section, the second important section is the style, in this section 25% respondents. About the brand and price respectively are 23.3% and 13.3%. To this group consumer, when asked about the HM, the style is most considered factor; they thought style is All Saints brand image is: its price is high and, and they thought Levis has good quality products. Brand image like a receiver  ¼Ã‹â€ Jean-Noà «l 1997 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °, the image will be influenced by the performance of the promotions, literature and the message, thus a positive image will accelerate the development for an organisation (Hague and Jackson, 1994). Sproles and Kendall explained (1986, p.268; cited by Wang. C.L; Siu. N. Y. M; Hui. A. S. Y 2004), a consumers decision-making style is a mental orientation characterizing a consumers approach to making choices. There are some main decision styles (Sproles and Kendall 1986, cited by Wang. C.L; Siu. N. Y. M; Hui. A. S. Y 2004): Quality conscious Brand conscious Fashion conscious Price conscious These eight styles explain the most basic mental features of a consumers decision making, and have directly relationship with consumer choice behaviour. When consumers buying clothing, often take time to evaluate alternatives of brand, style, design, colour, price and country-of-origin. These choice behaviours are particularly display consumers interest, such as brand conscious, fashion conscious, price conscious and hedonistic orientation (Wang. C.L; Siu. N. Y. M; Hui. A. S. Y, 2004). From the analysis the feedback of these three retailers, they have their own advantages to attractive the consumer. of course there are some disadvantages influence their development, e.g the higher price of All Saints impede most of consumer buy it. Fashion consumer decision making sometimes is a slightly different with the normal consumer decision. Look this figure; it compares what is the different. Firstly, the fashion consumer would like pay attention about the fashion object; not like the traditional consumers, they are sometimes only focus on the function of the cloth. Secondly, the fashion consumers have their view of the product, the traditional consumers always get the information other source, they do not have particular requirement of the fashion, and just sourcing the cloth in the narrow area or shop in customary shop. Fourth, it shows the fashion decision consumers judge the product in different way, fashion decision always try to evaluate product and not the brand performance. In the fifth step, the traditional decision is last step, but fashion decision has one more step than traditional. You can see the figure, consumers not enjoy the purchase immediately, they think about the products satisfy their demand or not , and then reflects they enjoy it. Figure 4.3 (a): Stages in Fashion and Traditional Decision Making( Solomon and Rabolt, 2004;p. 353) Fashion buying is a strategic decision for the organization and influence the products assortment available to consumers (Hines and Bruce, 2007). 4.4 Shopping Frequency The research results display most (70%) of the respondents shop in HM once a month and another 21.7% go to HM stores several times a month. Normally, the fashion buying cycle is not very long, sometimes the period of buying new goods are every six weeks( Kline and Wagner, 1994; cited by Hines and Bruce 2007). When companies have intent on fast fashion, this can happen more quickly, even on every week (Buckley,2006; cited by Hines and Bruce 2007). Everyday HM has new item arrive in stores( HM website). The role of fashion buyer can divide by 18 and 25 different actions, including reviewing market knowledge and analysing old sales records to know different levels of demand for different products (Fiorito, 1990; cited by Hines and Bruce 2007). Otherwise, the fashion buyer will analyse and consider other conditions, such as economic situation; trade, business and industry journals. In this way the buyer can buy the best products at the lowest price (Hines and Bruce 2007). The respondents go to All saints and Levis stores time are not as many as go to HM. From the feedback you can know most (48.3%) of the respondents never shop in All Saints stores and there are 41.7% respondents have never shop in Levis. It demonstrate these 60 respondents are not their main target consumers or their products characters are not attractive these respondents enough. Compared with these consumers never shop in these two stores, other major part respondents are shop in these stores once a month, such as 33.3% respondents shop in All Saints stores once a month, and 38.3% respondents shop in Levis stores once a month. This demonstrate these group of consumers still have interested in these two retailers, but some factors reduce their purchase such as higher price level or fixed style, etc. These two brands can do some marketing research, and following the results can slightly change some previous operational technique, and attractive more potential consumers such as make the never part join the not often part, and reduce rate of the not often part, encourage them purchase more than before. 4.5 Average expenditure From the 3.5(a), in the HM section 71.7% of the respondents indicated the  ¿Ã‚ ¡0 ~ ¿Ã‚ ¡30 is a very popular price area, they always spent this amount in HM stores. This express the consumers can use this amount money bought their satisfy products in HM. Opposite this, the 43.3% respondents never spent money in All Saints stores. Like mentioned in 3.5(b) the All Saints price level all most from  ¿Ã‚ ¡60, it is a little high for the students. So except never buy part, the ¿Ã‚ ¡60~90 is second popular part (28.3%), only smaller part (15%) of the respondents spent above  ¿Ã‚ ¡90, and rest of 13.3% spent  ¿Ã‚ ¡0 ~ ¿Ã‚ ¡30, no body spent  ¿Ã‚ ¡30 ~ ¿Ã‚ ¡60. Although like this, their sales were  £46.9 million for the year to February 3 2008 All Saints chief executive Stephen Craig said: sales had been consistently well above budget throughout 2008 Christmas trade was also strong, above budget and ahead of market rivals, according to the company. They do not like other high street rivals; All Saints did not give discount in its shops Craig said that unlike some of its high street rivals, All Saints did not discount in its shops pre-Christmas, in this way, maintain margin and consolidate brand positioning (Brown 2009). The Levis situation is similar with All Saints, from the research results known, the figure is better than All Saints, there are 33.3% respondents never spent money in Levis stores, but all the respondents known this brand. In  ¿Ã‚ ¡60 ~ ¿Ã‚ ¡90 area Levis has the same result ( 28.3%) with All Saints, this is the acceptable price area. Following this figure the close area is  ¿Ã‚ ¡30 ~ ¿Ã‚ ¡60, 25% of them spent this amount. 13.3% spent  ¿Ã‚ ¡0 ~ ¿Ã‚ ¡30, non of them spent above  ¿Ã‚ ¡90. In the Appendix part there are some products prices with photographs of these three brands, In 4.3 has talked about the brand image gives to this focus group. Each of these brands gives the different images to consumers. Feldwick (2003) said improving brand image can help to increase sales; gain the extra income, other author like Hague and Jackson (1994) mentioned: a) a positive image will get more margins and reduce the competitive pressure and easier to sell with lower prices, b) More competitive, a strong brand will be like a barrier to competitors products. Therefore to increase their average expenditure, have a strong brand image is essential. With the strong brand image, their whole sales volume can be increased. CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION In this section will conclude the wider perspective on the findings of the investigation and also provides suggestions for the further research on the subject. Nowadays, brands can not be avoided today, it already infiltrate into peoples daily life. The primary research, which was presented and discussion in Chapter 3 and 4, those information showed that the performance of the retailers in the market, reflects their status. The status of brand logo recognition can reflects the brand awareness of a company, If a company has a wide brand awareness, it means have big amount of consumers can recognize its public logo. At the meanwhile the products of this company can satisfy general consumers demands; it is also can have higher brand awareness. So when the question is ask about the brand logo recognize, it can be described the brand awareness level, the answers demonstrated the awareness level of company. Other theory which related with brand awareness and brand logo is brand equity; it has talked about in 4.2. From 3.4 you know there are some respondents have not buy any products in the All Saints and Levis stores, so increase the brand equity may encourage more purchase actions. The brand equity can increase (or reduce) the value of the organizations products or services. The value of the organization achieved not only from sales income but also from the brand equity, increase the brand equity is a positive method to attract more consumers interests and attentions to the products and then have the opportunity increase the sale. Following these two contents, in 4.3 the brand image and consumers buying behaviours are talked in this section. Consumers have different impression to these three brands; they rely on the characters of and estimate their brand image. in this section has also discussed about the fashion buying behaviour because these four answers of 4.3 reflects the what the main requires of the consumers, so when the a fashion retailer want gain the biggest value they need known their consumers demands and build a strong brand image. The duration of the fashion trend is very short, so the fashion buying cycle is also not very long, in 4.4 has discussed the shopping frequency of the consumers and through the results most of HM consumers can follow the fashion trend, and purchase its products more frequent. Finally, the average spent when consumers shopping these stores, can display how popular of this brand, if the consumers like the products they would like to spend more money, of course in this section has some suggestions of how to make the consumers spend more in future. 5.1 Further research recommendations The research comprehended only a limited sample of consumers, and focused upon three brands, so the results only can reflect a group of consumers thought. I suggest someone else looks into in more wide details about the brand and do some wider research, not only focus on female, also can be another occupation. CHAPTER 6 REFERENCE Aaker, D. A. (2002) Building strong brands New York; London : Free. Aaker, D. A (2002) Brand leadership New York; London : Free. Crainer, S.(1995) The real power of brands: making brands work for competitive advantage London : Pitman. Chernatony, D.L. and McDonald, M. (1998) Creating powerful brands in consumer, service and industrial markets 2nd ed.. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann. Easey, M (2002) Fashion marketing 2nd ed. Oxford : Blackwell Science. Feldwick. P (2003) Brand communications in Brand and Branding Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J., and Coney, K. A. (2004) Consumer behaviour: building marketing strategy 9th ed. Boston, Mass. : McGraw-Hill. Hague, P. and Jackson, P. (1994) The power of industrial brands : an effective route to competitive advantage . London : McGraw-Hill. Jean-Noà «l, K. (1997) Strategic brand management : creating and sustaining brand equity long term 2nd ed. London : Kogan Page. Riezebos, R. (2003) Brand management : a theoretical and practical approach Harlow : Financial Times Prentice Hall. Solomon, M. R.and Rabolt, N. J. (2004) Consumer behavior : in fashion Upper Saddle River, N.J.; London : Prentice Hall. Walliman, N. (2001) Your research project : a step-by-step guide for the first-time researcher London : SAGE. Wang. C.L; Siu. N. Y. M; Hui. A. S. Y (2004) Consumer decision-making styles on domestic and imported brand clothing. Eurropean Journal of Marketing, [online], Vol.38, Iss. 1/2, pp.239-252 6.1 INTERNET SOURCE http://www.allsaints.co.uk/brand/ http://www.hm.com/gb/abouthm__abouthm.nhtml http://www.levistrauss.com/Company/ Pam Tate 2007 http://www.drapersonline.com/news/all-saints-founders-sign-religion-deal/765531.article Jessica Price Brown 2009: http://www.drapersonline.com/news/multiples/all-saints-sales-buck-downturn/5000200.article Glossary (2007) All About Branding, [online], Available at: http://www.allaboutbranding.com/index.lasso?page=11,54,0. [Accessed: 10th December 2008] Jessica Price Brown 2008 http://www.drapersonline.com/news/hm-unveils-its-design-for-dominance/903574.article 10 March, Jessica Price Brown 2009 http://www.drapersonline.com/news/all-saints-brightens-sector-gloom/1967495.article Drapersonline 2009 http://www.drapersonline.com/news/other-sectors/lingerie/new-underwear-licensee-at-levis/5000720.article Appendices

Jet Blue Essay

(1) Jet Blue should have communicated in a more effective and efficient manner so as to restore and enhance its image. This practice involves making public appearances and using the media as a tool in conveying their effort to accept their mistakes and take the necessary actions so as this incident may not manifest again. At the same time, top management should ensure to keep its communication lines open and updated for changes so as to bolster and show its commitment towards mending the troubles brought about by the Valentine’s day issue. (2) It may be a feasible strategy to place David Neelman in public television because there are several positive and negative impacts that can be generated in the process. One optimistic view is that Neelman can help restore public confidence on Jet Blue and help legitimize and publicize the efforts that the company can make to prevent the issue from happening again. Another is that it helps appease angry customers by gaining the assurance and accountability of all the groups involved in the matter. On the other hand, one setback revolves around the change in perception of Jet Blue. This in turn can be manifested in how David Neelman will address the public and the issue on hand. (3) Seeing this alarming issue, one important advertising program must revolve on the idea of restoring customer and investor confidence in Jet Blue. At the same time, it must rethink its strategies surrounding treatment of customers and the overall approach of the airline given this scenario. Another way to enhance this initiative is to strengthen effort to inform the public about the efforts of Jet Blue to remain accountable and adaptive to such changes. (4) I feel that if the Customer Bill of Rights be implemented, an information campaign be actively presented to Jet Blue customers. Either this can be incorporated within the company website or employees undergo training to be oriented of this policy changes. In this aspect, I feel that this initiative can be supplemental for the company to regain its customer confidence and standing in the airline industry. At the same time, it can also put airline responsibility and accountability into the next level because it is now focused on customer preference. Seeing this, it can entice more people to patronize Jet Blue and solidify its growth amidst the crisis it faced.

The Standards Of American Education Essay - 1487 Words

As of late, there has been major contention about the standards of American education, one of the major points being the cost to obtain a degree. Current societal standards have condition people to aim for a prestigious degree that will help make it s holder successful. Of course, society defines success, for an individual, as being highly intelligent, outgoing, wealthy, and family-oriented. Yet, many American citizens are still stuck trying to meet the first item in the success definition. If a person refuses to attend post-secondary school in fear that the certificate of completion will offer no return on investment, or decides to quit due to financial hardships, then how can society uphold its expectation of that person s success? Much work needs to be done to assuage the fear of a wasted investment, to motivate an individual to continue attending school despite financial difficulties, and to help individuals achieve the expected level of success that comes from higher educat ion. The cost to attend a higher-learning institution is not a set price, where once it is paid it will take care of the purchaser for his or her duration of learning. Tuition costs vary depending on the location of the school, the state where the student is domiciled, the program the student desires to pursue and the change in rate over time. Moreover, fees are included in the cost to maintain the school s campus, fund student activities, provide housing, and support administration.Show MoreRelatedIs American Education Upholding Its Standards?976 Words   |  4 PagesIs American Education Upholding Its Standards? The idea of education is that it properly educates students. American schools teach a variety of subjects over 12 years of schooling. The skills taught are supposed to prepare students for adult life. These skills range from basic math and english to more complex knowledge for those going to college. Students are supposed to graduate with some common knowledge. Most of the more advance learning comes from high schools. This is where they learn how toRead MoreEssay On Common Core958 Words   |  4 PagesThe Core Issue with Common Core  Ã‚  Ã‚   The American education system is falling behind. According to international rankings, America ranks 17th in math, 17th in reading, and 21st in science out of 34 industrialized countries. In an effort to improve the nation’s rankings, educators have developed a curriculum called Common Core. To form the Core Standards, educators acquired standards from higher-ranking countries and incorporated them into American education. After adopting the Core Curriculum in statesRead MoreIn Defense of Liberty and Education for All1626 Words   |  7 PagesIn Defense of Liberty and Education for All How does a society become socially free and have equal opportunity for all its citizens? According to the conventional democratic American belief, all people should be granted the same educational opportunities so that everyone has the fair chance to succeed in society. However, in William A. Henrys essay, In Defense of Elitism, he argues for the archaic belief that society should limit higherRead MoreWhy Is Common Core Necessary?961 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is Common Core necessary? Common Core is needed to stabilize education. Through the implementation of Common Core, every child will learn the same thing at the same time. Education throughout the country would be equal and no child would truly be left behind. The theory of Common Core is good, but the implementation so far has not been. Creating an unified teaching curriculum is a great idea for any child who would be moving across the country, or even to another state, mid-school year;Read MoreAmerican Education System Essay930 Words   |  4 Pages An Overview of the American Education System No matter the profession one intends to pursue, a GOOD education plays a vital role in preparing students for the future. Adolescents learn through a variety of styles: conventional classroom teaching, extracurricular activities, friendships, and other methods. While teenagers gain valuable knowledge in terms of general information through personal hobbies, an educational institute most consistently acts as a source of academic instruction. However,Read MoreCommon Core State Standards Initiative848 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Core: To Be or Not to Be Politics and education have been intertwined since the establishment of public education in the United States. In other words, it is a well-known fact that public education is an extension of our political system. This has never been more apparent to the public than over the last three decades, beginning in 1983 with â€Å"A Nation at Risk† which is considered a significant event in modern American educational history. For the last few years, it has been the controversialRead MoreQuestions On Common Core Math805 Words   |  4 Pagesgiven a math problem, such as, 7+7. Most people would do simple mental math to get the solution fourteen. However, in American education millions of kids are required to fathom these problems with a concept known as â€Å"number bonds,† and restricting children to one way of solving is profoundly hampering innovativeness in American children (Garelick). Not only has this change in education caused anxiety in children of all ages, but al so in their parents who struggle in assisting their children with theirRead MoreThe African Vernacular English1850 Words   |  7 Pages Ya’ll be thinkin’ ebonics be messin’ wit Standard English, but it be enrichin’ it in a lotta ways. If you did not quite understand the first sentence, here is a â€Å"proper† translation; many people believe that African-American English negatively affects Standard English, but it actually enriches it in various ways. Black English, Ebonics, ghetto talk, slang, and Black Vernacular are all different words or phrases used to describe the African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) language. There are certainRead MoreCutting The Common Core Standards885 Words   |  4 Pagesof 2010 the United States issued a new Common core curriculum for its youngest Americans, and since, forty-three states have implemented the new standards. According to the Common Core Standards Initiative, the principles are simply, â€Å"a set of clear college- and career-ready standards for kindergarten through 12th grade in English language arts/literacy and mathematics,† (â€Å"About the Standards†). Why would the American people want their children to be common? Supporters claim that treating all studentsRead MoreEssay about Reformations of School999 Words   |  4 PagesSchool Education plays a fundamental role in the development of any nation. History is witness that those nations who did not recognized the importance of education were doomed, and education played a key role in the success of the developed nations. A successful country like America faces many challenges regarding education. Some of these challenges are: how to better achieve educational opportunity, and to find ways to deal with such problems and educational dilemmas for American children. To

Contributing Factors Of The Cold War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1687 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/11 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Cold War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The Cold war was a war that is forever imprinted into our minds as a time of many struggles.It has many contributing factors that made it as big as it was. Major contributing factors of the war was the Space Race, Vietnam war, and the Korean War. Many plans and Ideas came to play with this war. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Contributing Factors Of The Cold War" essay for you Create order Plans that were specifically major contributors were the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine these had impactful plans. There were also groups that were formed on each side make sure the side they supported would win such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact. With many contributors of the Cold War you cant forget about the leadership behind these factors. The decisions of the people such as Ronald Regan and Michael Gorbachev made a impact. In this essay I will explain the contributing factors of the Cold War that made a huge impact. Why was the Cold War such a dividing factor behind the space race? The space race was a big part of the Cold War because it had shown the competition between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. The space race started on October 4,1957 when the U.S.S.R took the first step and launched the first satellite called Spudnic. The U.S. after the launch of Spudnic was afraid that if the U.S.S.R could launch a satellite they would soon be able to develop a way to launch mussels to target certain places. Later on they launched satellite, Spudnic 2, had dog on board which was proof space travel was survivable for living beings. After working on a way to increase technology and creat a way to go to space the U.S. launched Explorer 1 in 1958. This start what is known as the space race. With the many advances the U.S.S.R was one step ahead of the U.S. Two years later after Explorer 1 was launched the U.S.S.R launched a man into orbit in 1961. Yuri Gagarin was the first man to be put into orbit. The U.S. trying to keep up later put a man in space a few weeks after. Alan Shep ard was launched in Freedom 7. Though it took many years for the U.S. for them to put a man in orbit. The man the U.S. put in orbit was John Glenn. By this time the U.S.S.R would have had accomplished many things. Accomplishments such as being able to take more passengers to space, first woman to space, etc. While seeing their competition take off with so much success they had to go for a bigger goal. They decided to find a way to go and land a man on the moon. They didnt want to lose to the U.S.S.R with technological advancement. During the attempts of learning ways to get a man to the moon president John F. Kennedy said a very important saying on May 25,1961. He said Before this decade is out we will land a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth. This was important because it showed that they even had the president supporting them to increase their advances in the space race. Also after the speech from 1961 to 1964 the budget for the NASA program to get the man to the moon increases about 500%. They have many troubling times and tests that did not end well. For example in 1961 with the launching of the space shuttle Apollo, the shuttle had caught on fire. This killed the three astronauts that were in side. While the U.S. had many attempts and trials the U.S.S.R. Continued to their advancements in space travel. Though on December of 1968 the U.S. had accomplished the first moon landing. The Launched carried astronauts Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, and Michael Collins. The U.S.S.R tried to copy the landing but it failed, which ended the Space race. Discuss he influence of the Vietnam war an the Cold War The Vietnam war was a big part of the Cold War. There were so many people who did not agree with sending people to the war because they believe that we had no reason for being involved since it wasnt our fight for independence. Many people believed the gov. wanted to be involved because they wanted to be in a war. This started many debates in the U.S. Two and a half million American citizens were sent to serve as G.Is in this war. Most people volunteered two thirds to be exact. While one-third was drafted into the war. The ages that were in this war was 21. That was a very young, the average age for WW2 was 26 years old, this shows there was a big need of people to go fight in the war. Some famous G.Is in this war was John MCCan, Al Gore, Oliver Stone, and Fredrick Smith. This war lasted from 1956 to 1975. Men had at most 5 days of relief. This was a very intense and long war, that killed a lot of people. One out of ten men were killed or wounded in this war. This in reality counted out to be 58,214 people who died in this war, also over 1,700 missing or still not found now. Though this was was not necessarily a huge reason the U.S.S.R and the U.S were not getting a long it had an affect on it. The war showed the split in believes of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. The U.S was helping south Vietnam Who was against the communist idea where the enemy they were against against was the north Vietnam who was bing backed up by the U.S.S.R who believe communism was a great idea. This is was a big reason the U.S. became a part this war. The U.S. main reason for joining was their belief in the Domino Theory in this war. The U.S.S.R was supplying north with weapons. With all the conflicts it shows the two different stances of the two super powers of this time period and even though they were not big p layers in the war it did incorporate a big different stance in beliefs of both of them. With the intensity of this war it made a foundation for the next war and a clear separation of the powers. Discuss the influence of the Korean war on the Cold War In this war the U.S.S.R and the U.S. was involved just like the Vietnam war. The U.S. took the side with south and the U.S.S.R took the side with the north. The two sides were separated by the wall. This wall was called the 38th parallel. The main reason the U.S. was involved this time was because they tried to fight the U.S.S.R from gaining more and more land from this war. This set up a huge fight, though the U.S. in this war had looked for many ways to end it and settle an agreement between both sides because they were afraid that an even bigger war would happen. The U.S.S.R had the leader of the north with them, his name Kim II Sung, and he was for communism. This was why the U.S.S.R supplied and worked with North Korea. Where in the south the U.S. had the leader Syngman Rhee who was against having communist ways in Korea. The U.S. had feared if they didnt help the fight against the the north the U.S.S.R will have had taken over another country with communism. The war first started the south tried to get the communist out of the south. Then as the north kept trying to cross over to the south and turn them, It started a war and it changed the direction of what this war was for. From trying to keep the north on their side to trying to get ride of the whole communist idea in Korea in general. This went on for many years. There was a man on the U.S. side who wanted this war to turn into a huge war. This man was named McArthor, he was in charge of Asian theater. Even though the President of the United States and the government did not want th at to happen. Besides the fact the president and the government did not want the huge war he continued to tried different ways that would cause it to. He even went as far as sending a letter to China. In this letter had declared war on china. After the president found out he was fired, because he had shown defiance of authority. References Anon, (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.cvce.eu/en/education/unit-content/-/unit/55c09dcc-a9f2-45e9-b240-eaef64452cae/5ad21c97-4435-4fd0-89ff-b6bddf117bf4 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018]. Coldwar.org. (2018). Cold War Museum. [online] Available at: https://www.coldwar.org/articles/50s/TheWarsawPact.asp [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018]. Encyclopedia Britannica. (2018). NATO | Founders, Members, History. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/North-Atlantic-Treaty-Organization [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018]. HISTORY. (2018). Korean War. [online] Available at: https://www.history.com/topics/korea/korean-war [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018]. HISTORY. (2018). Marshall Plan. [online] Available at: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/marshall-plan-1 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018]. HISTORY. (2018). The Space Race. [online] Available at: https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018]. HISTORY. (2018). Vietnam War. [online] Available at: https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018]. Khan Academy. (2018). Start of the Cold War The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. [online] Available at: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/postwar-era/a/start-of-the-cold-war-part-2 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018]. Study.com. (2018). Ronald Reagan The Cold War | Study.com. [online] Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/ronald-reagan-the-cold-war.html [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018]. Ushistory.org. (2018). The End of the Cold War [ushistory.org]. [online] Available at: https://www.ushistory.org/us/59e.asp [Accessed 26 Nov. 2018].

Domestic Violence The United States And Around The World...

Part One Knowledge of domestic violence is becoming prevalent in the United States and around the world. Family violence, teen dating violence and intimate partner violence are being talked about openly more; they are also becoming known as abuse and not something that is just â€Å"ok† or â€Å"just how a person is†. Beliefs and laws are changing toward nonviolence as discussed in this report. There are several different types of domestic violence that affect people today. According to â€Å"justice.gov† (2014), domestic violence is a way for one partner to control the other partner. This control can be done sexually, physically, emotionally, economically, and psychologically. Any actions that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure or wound someone is a form of control and domestic violence. This gives us an understanding of what acts and intentions are a part of domestic violence and that it is not just phy sical abuse alone. According to Steiner, (2012) there are 3 stages in domestic violence, the first stage is to seduce the victim, charm the victim and isolate them. The second stage is to introduce the threat of violence, such as buying guns and keeping them on the perpetrator, in the car and in the home, by doing this they see how she/he reacts to having weapons, the abuse then starts. The final step in the pattern is when the perpetrator kills their victim. 70% of domestic violence murders happen after the victim endsShow MoreRelatedGibson 1. Josie Gibson . Mrs. Archila . Eng 102. 24 March1276 Words   |  6 PagesGibson 1 Josie Gibson Mrs. Archila ENG 102 24 March 2017 Synthesis Domestic violence is an ongoing epidemic affecting people around the world. Over the years, the problem of domestic violence has raised an abundance of questions: how serious is the issue, and what actions could be implemented to prevent it? In the article â€Å"Domestic Violence Has Been a Problem Throughout U.S. History†, it explains how the issue of domestic violence has been going on for decades; however, did not get address until recentRead MoreDomestic Violence and Abuse: A Global Epidemic Essay877 Words   |  4 Pages Domestic violence is a serious issue that negatively impacts women in our society. â€Å"Domestic abuse is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm† (Domestic Violence). Although domestic violence can impact men as well, this type of abuse seems to be more prevalent among women. This abuse destroys families and can even lead to death in some cases. Even though the re has been improvement in spreading awareness about thisRead MoreThe Story Of A Woman Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesbruise begins to form already and the scar tissue around her broken heart opens back up again. This, unfortunately, is a reality for many women around the world, especially in the United States. They live in fear every day, wondering if today is the day that their spouse will end their lives. Others endure endless verbal abuse, killing their self-esteem and their will to live. Domestic violence is an epidemic that is on the rise around the world. We must come together and propose a solution to helpRead MoreGlobal Issue: Women’s Rights823 Words   |  3 Pagescenturies, in third-world areas, stories like Tahani’s are still very common. Despite advances in equality, girls all over the world are still forced into marriage at very young ages, denied their right to education, and made the victims of domestic violence and rape. Millions of girls each year are forced into marriage as children, often to men several times their age. The rates of girls being forced into marriage under the age of eighteen in developing countries around the world is as much as oneRead MoreDomestic Violence Is Still Waging On The Homefront1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthat same time frame, approximately 11,766 women in the United States were murdered by a current or ex-male lover (Vagianos, 2015). That is nearly half of the number of souls lost in war across the seas, and those numbers show America that domestic violence is a war that is still waging on the homefront. While awareness and concern for women who are victims of domestic abuse has been seeming to increase throughout the decades, domestic violence is still had huge problem that millions of people, menRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Harassment1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence is an ever growing problem across the globe. In particular, violence against women is at an all time high. Although many cases of violence against women are reported, it is in statistical data that half of all cases are not reported. Some are not reported because of fears, relationship severances, and other unknown reasons. The main types of abuse on women are domestic and sexual harassment (Nosheen, 2011). Follow this paper carefully while it takes you on an expedition ofRead MoreDomestic Abuse And Domestic Violence1446 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Abuse Domestic abuse is tremendous problem around the globe. There are different forms of domestic violence, all of which are not acceptable and in some places in the world domestic violence is legal. In the places where domestic violence is legal, it is only legal to hurt your wife. If a woman tried to hurt her husband, she would be majorly punished. It is defined as a series of abusive acts in any form of a relationship for one person to have control over their partner. The three mostRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Part Of Culture1498 Words   |  6 PagesTo this day, domestic violence is seen to be a part of culture in many countries. Some people view domestic violence as unjust and cruel, yet many see it as a form of power and control over another. Domestic violence plays a key role in different societies around the world as it is becoming a social norm. Domestic violence frequently begins when one partner feels the need to control the other. This feeling is sprouted from several factors such as jealousy, low self-esteem, and difficulties in regulatingRead MoreDomestic Violence in the United States1516 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence affects a large amount of relationships in the United States each year. As the times have changed, abuse has become less accepted as a normal occurrence, and society has begun working together to provide awareness towards violence in intimate partner relationships. â€Å"Problems of family violence are potentially the most destructive in our society† (Kurland 23). Domestic violence is a problem that begins in the home, and spreads to affect the world around it. Violence is present inRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Women s Violence1735 Words   |  7 Pages Effects of Violence against Women According to Violence Type by Ines Alvarez Mrs. Madrell English 4, Honors, Period 6 Miami Coral Park Senior High School March 18,2016 Mrs. Madrell English 4, Honors, Period 6 Miami Coral Park Senior High School March 18,2016 Violence against Women Women have been and continue to be victims of violence in all of its faces. The purpose of this research is to explore the many ways in which women are abused and mistreated, focusing on the

Are Hybrid Cars Becoming Safer or More Harmful to the Environment Free Essays

string(111) " increase the temperature of one cubic foot of air 55 degrees F \(â€Å"An Introduction to Efficiency†, 2006\)\." Hybrid cars have a very special technology because they boast two power sources: a regular gasoline engine and an electric motor powered by a huge battery unlike conventional cars which have only regular gasoline engine. These components generally work in tandem, though the exact mechanism varies depending on the car. When the car is at stop, the engine shuts off. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Hybrid Cars Becoming Safer or More Harmful to the Environment? or any similar topic only for you Order Now While you push the accelerator, the electric motor turns on to drive the car forward. When you need the power such as for climbing a hill, the gas engine gets a boost from the electric motor. The electric motor normally recharges itself by censoring the heat energy generated as you brake (Brown, 2008). Hybrid cars also help to reduce the amount of smog emission because of less working of gasoline engine. This does not mean that hybrid cars help the environment because they still have the issue of their batteries about being extremely harmful to the environment. Nowadays, there are more than 5 million hybrid cars around the world but this means that there will be also 5 million batteries from these hybrid cars. What would happen in the next few years if these batteries end up in landfills? According to environmental researchers, 90% of 1 million metric tons of lead which is produced every year is used for vehicle batteries (â€Å"Hybrid Battery Toxicity†, 2006). These batteries still have issues even though they are more environmentally friendly than the standard batteries. Nickel may cause cancer in human body because it is considered as a human carcinogen (Olberding, 2010). Therefore, many people are concerned about nickel mining as one kind of misuse of natural resources. According to the Environmental Defense, there are three main battery types such as lead, nickel, and lithium. The worst thing that harmful to the environment is lead battery, followed by nickel, and lithium (Banas, 2010). By the way, the rechargeable hybrid cars can force power plants to produce excessive amounts of electricity; therefore, power plant emissions can be just as harmful as exhaust pipe emissions. Running hybrid cars on the street can also contribute the amounts of greenhouse gases as same as running normal vehicles because hybrid system works effectively only on heavily congested streets (â€Å"Hybrid Cars Negative Environmental Impact†, 2007). Even though hybrid cars help the environment, they are still harmful to the environment due to battery use, use of natural resources, and ineffective use of motor systems. II. Opposing Arguments A. Batteries The batteries in hybrid cars give a better choice for the fuel economy and environment that have been becoming to the next generation of car’s technology. They provide the electricity for electric motor; hence, the motor uses less gasoline when they are working in an urban area. Hybrid cars are able to provide more than 35% in fuel economy (â€Å"Facts on Hybrid Cars†, 2012). The nickel metal hydride batteries have been using in every hybrid car since the first hybrid car was produced. Both lead battery and nickel hydride batteries are rechargeable batteries, but the environment impact of nickel is much lower than lead acid which are used in conventional vehicles. According to the article â€Å"Nickel-Metal Hydride† (2006), the nickel-Metal Hydride is a solid battery; more energy can be given for the amount of space. Density is an essential concern, as weight is a severe wall to efficiency. Hybrid cars are still sold in lowered numbers; therefore, the negative effects of hybrid batteries are not instant. B. Natural resources Today’s hybrid cars are shown up by many benefits; increasing fuel economy, and saving the fuel. Even though it is true that hybrid cars can save lots of gasoline, and we can get our tax back from them, the best thing of these benefits is the very less produced amount of gas emissions. Hybrid cars emit 80% less greenhouse gases than conventional cars (â€Å"Hybrid Cars Emissions Information†, 2012). This translates to less airborne pollutants and a cleaner earth. The important factor of negative effects of vehicles on the environment is greenhouse gasses. As a result, most of greenhouse gasses are from human activities and cause the temperature in the air and ocean to rise (Hybrid Cars and Pollution, 2012). In fact, the temperatures are increasing. The changes have observed over the last few decades are mainly because of human activities, but we cannot refuse that the important part of these changes is also a mirror of natural changeableness (Hybrid Cars and Pollution, 2012). Large metropolitan areas around the world are widely covered by this smog while many millions of cars are concentrated. This smog is made of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and many evaporating organic compounds. Hybrid cars produce a much lower these gases than conventional vehicles. However, the size of the car can be a great different in emissions between the hybrid and conventional vehicles. According to Banas (2010), the average of compact hybrid cars emits 10% lower smog than their conventional counterparts. This means that the models of hybrid cars such as mid-size cars, mid-size sport-utility vehicles, and full-size SUVs help to reduce smog-producing gas emissions by 15%, 19% and 21%, respectively, more than their conventional counterparts. Hybrid cars are esteemed as being fuel efficient, and good for the environment. C. The efficiency of hybrid cars Nowadays, hybrid cars have been building to be more efficient than conventional cars; as we known, small cars could be run more efficient than big cars. According to the article â€Å"An Introduction to Efficiency† (2006), one of the easiest ways to show efficiency is to get your amount of work with regard to how much energy was taken in the initial place. The efficiency of conventional cars can be described as how much the power of the engine is producing and divide by the amount of energy that was produced by gasoline when it was consuming. The energy of one gallon in gasoline is 115,000 British Thermal Units (Btu), and one Btu can increase the temperature of one cubic foot of air 55 degrees F (â€Å"An Introduction to Efficiency†, 2006). You read "Are Hybrid Cars Becoming Safer or More Harmful to the Environment?" in category "Papers" Therefore, if a hybrid car’s engine had a 100 percent of efficiency about burning gasoline, then every single Btu worth of energy carried inside the gasoline would be used only to move the car onward. However, today, the best using of efficient gasoline engines is 30 to 35 percent. This is almost the same kind as the efficiency of a common light bulb, which uses the energy to produce light but gains more heat. If you touch the dense fluorescent bulb by your hand, you can feel why it is so effective: it produces abundance of light and less wasted heat. Conventional cars are comparatively inefficient at using the all amount of energy which stored in gasoline, and it is because of the engine’s mistake. Automatic transmissions can be infamously inefficient component in a car’s power train. Conventional cars are inefficient using of gasoline. Both aerodynamic and the engines utilize use very little of the energy contained in all gallon of gas when they are burning because they are too heavy. So, hybrid cars can rip out the less using of gasoline than conventional cars; as a result, they have designed to help increase the using amount of energy efficiency. Hybrid cars use electric motors to provide some portion of their driving force. Unlike gasoline engines, electric motors can be greater than 90 percent efficient at using electrical energy (â€Å"An Introduction to Efficiency†, 2006). As a result, if an electric motor consumed 100 kW/hrs of energy from the battery, 90 kW/hrs of energy would be turned into beneficial work. Some hybrid cars use manual transmissions, which they are much more efficient than automatic transmissions. As a result, hybrid cars do not have big electric motors and small conventional engines because electric motors are so much more efficient than conventional engines. This means that gasoline engines are the strongest point because they are completely developed and presently cost of efficient energy alternation device from a manufacturer’s standard system. However, big electric motors require huge energy storage like batteries. Big batteries are extremely expensive but that could be lower price if hybrid batteries are widespread to the world’s market, and being used by consumers as common as hybrid cars in today (â€Å"An Introduction to Efficiency†, 2006). The efficiency of hybrid cars is much more than conventional car due to the use of batteries and the transmission systems. On the other hand, hybrid cars are not good for all aspects of the environment. III. Why They Are Wrong The chemical material, which uses in whether hybrid car batteries or conventional cars’ batteries, is toxicity. There are three main battery types that many hybrid car’ companies are using or considering for using in hybrid cars such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), and lithium-ion (Li-ion). However, lead-acid is the worst toxic of the three, and it’s very bad to the environment (Fuller, 2012; Banas, 2010; Olberding, 2010). Nickel is better than lead, but it still have a big problem because it is potentially carcinogenic and the mining process is considered hazardous (Fuller, 2012). We should be concerned about the environmental impacts of nickel mining, and decomposition of the batteries. The types of power plants are the most serious cause of the environmental impact of hybrid cars that depend on where they are charged. California, for example, obtains 80% of electric power in its cities from pure sources, such as hydroelectric plants. Charging a plug-in hybrid vehicle in California cannot be good for the environment, since both the cars and the power plants produce harmful emissions (Banas, 2010). However, most states use coal burning power plants to generate electricity; therefore, charging a plug-in hybrid vehicle produces power-plant emissions that can be just as harmful as tailpipe emissions, according to an Ohio State University study (Banas, 2010). Not only hybrid cars but also the power plants are bad for the environment. An important issue is the process of production as it could be a somber side of hybrid cars. One thing that many people don’t usually think about consuming products is how much energy is expended to actually make them and move them around. For example, when people buy food from long distance, it requires burning lots of gasoline or diesel fuel to transport that food. If more people bought local food, it could reduce wasting fuel in progress (Fuller, 2012). This can ensure that, the process takes a lot of natural resources and energy to build a car and that include hybrid cars too. Every material that were used or parts of the car have to be make up and forged; therefore, it uses a lot of amount of electricity and the natural resources to make it. The issue of hybrid cars has caught the interest of the media and the public in 2007, CNW Marketing Research, Inc. reported that Dust to Dust: The Energy Cost of New Vehicles from Concept to Disposal. The article claimed that it is necessary to create the calculation of a dollar value for all energy, build the operation of a vehicle, and there is the surprising claim that the Toyota Prius costs more over the course of its lifetime than a Hummer H3 (Fuller, 2012). This made the Prius drivers become discomposed, since Toyota marketed hybrid cars and accentuated fuel efficiency and economic friendly driving. After many media and internet newspapers started mentioning about the paper and disseminating the information, many publications speedily criticized the information from CNW for ambiguous information and lack of evidence. Most of the energy used by a vehicle came from its design and production, several other studies have found that 80 to 90 percent of a vehicle’s energy is used during operation — in other words, when you’re driving it (Gleick, 2007). The most important thing is; it probably uses 13 % of their lifetime energy to become a car. Even though hybrid cars save the environment, but before they become a car, they have to pass many processes which are harmful to the environment. How hybrid car motor could be work effectively; they depend on the driver behaviors and driving styles and geographic areas. If drivers drive very fast, busy driver that commute to and have to go to work every day on long distances of highway, this does not help anything about saving the fuel. The Hybrid car motors only work in the startup. However, It is going to be fine even if you want to burn more fuel at times as when you are driving on the highway, the gas can be used to recharge your battery system (â€Å"All About Hybrid Cars†, 2012). This is a big concern about hybrid cars. If the drivers drive very long distances, they will not get the benefit from their hybrid cars. If they drive in the city; therefore, this process will be changed. Gasoline assisted hybrids are often started by the electric motor, so the stop or go of your commuting will largely depend on electric as opposed to gas. You can even expect to save about 15% in gas this way. However, you must be mindful that typically the electric motor will only run up to about 15-25mph before the gas engine kicks in (â€Å"All About Hybrid Cars†, 2012). If the drivers decrease the speed of their cars many times or rapidly, the gas will kick inattentively. However, the function of electric motor will not be work better on the highway and up hills and down hills areas. The electric motor typically assists in startup, but will kick in areas of high speed or when the engine needs run on the very fast speed (â€Å"All About Hybrid Cars†, 2012). Hybrid cars could be worked effectively in the urban area or city commuter. IV. Arguments for hybrid cars A. Batteries toxicity When these hybrid car batteries are dead, where will they end up? When batteries are disposed of improperly these metals can be detrimental to the environment. Lead and nickel sitting in a landfill can cause pollution to the groundwater causing acid rain and making it unsafe for drinking and also harmful to plant life (Bova, Goodwin, Marrs, Oliva, 2010). The effects of these toxicity batteries are human carcinogen, causing many diseases and reathing problem in humans. According to a study done by Environmental Defense, the more popular lithium-ion batteries found in most hybrids and electric vehicles are not as toxic as their lead and nickel counterparts, but still have negative effects on the environment (Bova, Marrs, Goodwin, Oliva, 2010). The big car companies such as General Motors and Toyota claim that hybrid car batteries can be 100% recyclable but the processes are too expensive. However, many companies are promoting the recycling of hybrid car batteries by motivating their customers. For example Toyota offers a $200 stipend and even provides a number to call printed on the battery itself. Even with these incentives there is no way to guarantee that owners will in fact recycle the batteries; leaving the window open for batteries to end up in the landfills causing further destruction of the environment (Bova, Goodwin, Marrs, Oliva, 2010). However, nowadays the numbers of hybrid cars around the world is still lower than conventional cars. If the number of hybrid cars is increasing over the year, landfills all around the world will be full of toxicity batteries, corrosive materials, and carcinogenic B. Overconsumption of natural resources Nowadays, the most essential problems in the world are global warming and rising oil prices; therefore, we should concern about the alternative energy, and especially friendly environment, which focus on hybrid car designs. The most accessible of these designs was the hybrid car, with working models already on the road. With their highly fuel efficient design, they deliver much of what they promise, but the hybrid picture is not entirely problem free (â€Å"Hybrid Cars Negative Environmental Impact†, 2007). Many hybrid car companies did a big problem because before they were going to be batteries and electric motors, they are very rare elements and don’t exist that much around the world, which go a long way to explaining their expense. Most of these elements currently come from China, and the supply as it exists today is not expected to last more than several years under even the most generous estimates (â€Å"Hybrid Cars Negative Environmental Impact†, 2007). Many efforts are going to find a new resource for these rare elements, but they will not be produced that much until they are becoming less and cause a shortage. Hybrid cars are complex vehicles and full of new technologies and high end technology; therefore, these make hybrid cars to be hard to build which use lots of energy to build hybrid cars. Some hybrids can charge their batteries from mains power, and this could be generated by a dirty’ technologies such as coal fired power stations or nuclear power (â€Å"Hybrid Cars Negative Environmental Impact†, 2007). This is the fact about hybrid cars on the market, and it means that different types of hybrid cars can use different types of power to produce electricity which affects the environment. C. Inefficiency of hybrid cars Once hybrid cars are built and spreading everywhere on the road, the important thing that will come up on drivers mind is, they are doing good for the environment. This is the fact because hybrid cars use less fuel than conventional cars but it depends on how they drive. Remember that a hybrid will probably never match the listed fuel efficiency because of the way the efficiency test is done, and because unless you only ever drive on heavily congested streets you won’t be utilizing the hybrid system effectively (â€Å"Hybrid Cars Negative Environmental Impact†, 2007). If hybrid cars are running on the high way, there will be only the gasoline’s engines that are working on the time and neglecting the effective of hybrid system. Even though hybrid cars regard as green environmental cars, hybrid cars with an internal combustion engine will still emit smog. Catalytic converters handle most of the contamination, but there’s still that good old greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. Even hybrids pump this out, they just pump lower amounts of it, and mostly because most hybrids have engines that stop when the vehicle comes to a halt (â€Å"Hybrid Cars Negative Environmental Impact†, 2007). However, driving hybrid cars is not saving the world but you have just been retarding your harmful to the environment. V. Conclusion Hybrid cars are not good for the environment at all. They are still bad to the environment. Even though hybrid car batteries are good for the environment right now but what if they end up in the landfills when they are expired in the future; therefore, our landfills will be full of toxicity. Many people think that hybrid cars are green environmental cars but they didn’t think about the process of building hybrid cars. Every process of making hybrid cars is bad for the environment due to the use of natural resources. However, when hybrid cars are shown up on the road, hybrid car motors sometimes cannot work effectively because they are working well only on the congested areas. The effective of hybrid car motors are also due to the behavior of drivers because if they always step on the accelerator, they will negate the efficiency on hybrid system. The price difference of a hybrid might not always benefit the gas deductions. Depending on how you drive, hybrids might not always be a match for your lifestyle. There is always the issue of the toxicity of the battery, even though they are not as harmful as standard car batteries to the environment. It is also beneficial to keep in mind that today’s EPA standards are slightly outdated. They will normally be on the lower end of what EPA estimates are, due to differing factors such as driver lifestyle, location, and the type of car it is. I strongly believe that hybrid cars are not that save the environment at all but they have just slowed down the impact on the environmental; therefore, do your researches before you buy a hybrid car. How to cite Are Hybrid Cars Becoming Safer or More Harmful to the Environment?, Papers

Energy Crisis Important Sustainability Issue

Question: Discuss about the Energy Crisis for Important Sustainability Issue. Answer: Selection and explanation of Important Sustainability Issue (Energy Crisis) Energy Crisis is one of the major sustainability issue faced on a global scale. Energy is vital for performing all sorts of activities like production of food, transportation, and other economic development (Qureshi et al. 2016). Presently the major source of energy is limited to utilization of fossil fuels like coal and petroleum. These are non-renewable in nature and likely to exhaust with passage of time. Moreover the reserves are limited unlike the solar or tidal source of power generation. The excessive dependence on these limited sources of energy has led to shortage of energy in many parts of the world. Environmental Elements of Energy Crisis The environmental elements or factors responsible for energy crisis are exhaustible nature of energy sources and affect of natural calamities. The major source of energy that are been utilized presently are coal and petroleum (Hannigan 2014). These are the decayed parts of the body of plant and animals that have been deposited in the inner layers of the earth over the years. The carbon content in the tissues of those body parts are utilized for energy production with the help of combustion. The deposited layer of the coal and petroleum is limited in nature. Constant utilization of them would result in exhaustion of the sources over the years. Figure 1: Utilization of sources of energy (Source: Tie and Tan 2013, pp-95) It has been estimated that the coal and petroleum deposit at the current rate of utilization would get completely used up very soon (Hurt et al. 2013). Sometimes due to earthquake and plate movement in the earth, the deposits of the coal and petrol gets subdued to magma layer of the earth. Hence, they become inevitable for use by humans. During the volcanic eruptions, these layers get distorted and wasted. The crisis of the energy is result of these natural calamities and exhaustive nature of the resources used by the human result. Social Elements of Energy Crisis The social elements and factors that result in energy crisis are the overconsumption of the energy sources and the overpopulation (Ozturk et al. 2013). The energy reserves are limited in nature and not equally distributed over the globe. Some parts of the world are heavy populated so they require more energy to meet the needs of the people. It has been observed that the population of the world is constantly increasing at an alarming rate. So there has been massive increase in the demand of the power source and fuel. For every activity of the people, some energy is been utilized and consumed. Figure 2: Causes of Energy Crisis (Source: Ozturk et al. 2013, pp-74) Modern technology and production in industries and factories require considerably large amount of energy and fuel for its overall activities. Hence the areas that are dominated by the industrial activities and excess technological development exhaust maximum amount of energy. Wastage of energy is another major reason behind the energy crisis. It has been seen that people wastes more energy than they utilize for their needs. In most of the places of the world the people are unaware of energy crisis. They waste the energy supply lavishly without realizing the upcoming problems that they would have to face in the near future. Economical Elements of Energy Crisis The economic elements or factors that result in the energy crisis are cost of utilizing the renewable sources of energy, delay in establishing new power plants or reserves and poor infrastructure for power generation. The sources of energy that are used are non-renewable in (Hein 2015). The utilization of renewable sources of energy like solar or tidal requires modernized tools and techniques. Presently, the prices of these tools and instruments are very high that led to considerable increase in the overall cost of power generation. Maximum drainage of energy from current reserves and power plants has led to inefficiency of the power plant and reserves (Dicaire and Tezel 2013). It can be solved by making a substitute power plant in addition to the existing power plant. The delay in establishing the power plant and reserves would lead to energy crisis in the plant. The infrastructure that is used for power generation is a crucial factor for efficient production of power from the resources. It has been seen that most of the power generation firm continue to use old tools to reduce the expense of the production. These old tools are not capable for working with 100% efficiency and waste some part of the energy resources (Festus and Ogoegbunam 2015). It is one of the main reasons behind the shortage of energy and restriction of the production capacity of the firm. Ethical Dilemmas because of Energy Crisis Energy crisis has affected almost all the activities of the world as it is needed for every activity. The energy crisis affects the world in economic development, providing financial support, in the industrial and agriculture sector and social life of the people. The fundamental problem of the energy crisis is hindering and ceasing the process of the production in different industries. In domestic usage energy crisis would lead to issues with the process of cooking and water stipulation. Figure 3: Social effect of energy crisis (Source: Jacquet and Stedman 2014 pp-1293) Unemployment and Poverty are the two major ethical issues caused by the energy crisis. Employment plays an important role for an individual in achieving his/her daily needs. Poverty is relational condition of earning less money than the required money to fulfill the basic requirements. Unemployment and Poverty both result in defoliating the financial conditions that is caused by the energy crisis. Energy crisis is responsible for load shedding. Load shedding is the condition when the supply of power to a place in disturbed due to shortage. It results in causing unrest and sense of frustration among the people. Sometimes this frustration leads to a protest against the active government body. Explanation of two Ethical Dilemmas because of Energy Crisis The major ethical issues caused by energy crisis are unemployment and poverty. The economic condition of any organization depends on the production and sale of the goods. A huge amount of energy is utilized for production of the goods and fuel is used for providing transport facilities to the organization (Williams et al. 2013). Hence in absence of energy all the critical processing would cease and it would affect the economic condition of the organization. The organization would not be able to sale the goods in the lack of transport facilities if the fuel is not available. Hence it would have to cut the expenses for maintaining the organization. The organization would close its industrial units that would lead to unemployment of many workers (Hein 2015). It would also result in decreasing the opportunity for new employment. The condition of unemployment in major parts of a country is termed as the Recession period for the state. Poverty is the defined as the most evil state of any person or country. There is a limit of per capita income of an individual set (Rosenow et al. 2013). If the annual income of any individual is less than the limited per capita income in the country, then the individual is kept below the poverty line. It is measured statistically. The energy crisis has indirect affect on the poverty. It results in the decline of the economic growth of the country. If the production of energy is low in any country, then it would need to ask for energy supply from some other country (Jacquet and Stedman 2014). The economy of the country would decline resulting in increasing poverty. The energy crisis would result in lowering the production capacity of agriculture and industries. The low productivity of agricultural products and the constrained growth of the industries would lead to an increase in the poverty. Effect of Energy Crisis on Economic Activities The energy crisis has adverse affect on all activities of human and economic conditions. Every industry is dependent on the energy supply for carrying out their activities actively. The energy crisis provides scope for the power supply companies to increase the rate of power supply. The company or the organization that generates and supply power can utilize this opportunity for earning more profit. If the demand of the object is more, it is possible that the supplier can increase the charges of supply (Festus and Ogoegbunam 2015). The company can be benefitted from the government policies in favor to the energy crisis. The economic condition of the power supply companies and organization would increase. It provides opportunity of realization of the expected financial returns with the help of investments in new initiatives of efficient energy plans (Rosenow et al. 2013). It would provide opportunity for the organization to develop new contracts with its customers. The organization can be benefitted by using the energy crisis as an opportunity for developing new improved energy efficient methods of generating energy. The energy resources are tangible and exhaustive in nature. So it is possible that the resources can be tired out due to continuous use. The energy crisis is responsible for decreasing the production of vital tools and technologies used for production of the energy. It would result in increasing the prices of those tools and instruments (Rosenow et al. 2013). Hence the power generation organization would have to buy them at higher costs that would lead to decrease of GDP of the company. Inflation is another important component that would decrease the annual income of the organization caused by the energy crisis. During energy crisis, utilization of substitute energy sources would increase and it would lead to decrease in the. Solution of Energy Crisis (development of renewable energy resource) Energy crisis is one of the biggest problems faced by the people. It results in hindrance to the economy, social life, politics, and environment. The development of the solution for overcoming the situation is by using renewable sources of energy generation. Renewable sources of energy are those sources of energy that can be regenerated over time. It is non exhaustible in nature. Solar, Tidal and wind are the renewable sources of energy. Figure 4: Renewable energy sources (Source: Apergis and Payne 2012, pp-735) The main reason behind the non-sustainability of the fossil energy is its exhaustive nature (Apergis and Payne 2012). The sources of coal and petroleum are limited and extensive uses of them would lead to the complete depletion of their source. However, the sources of solar, tidal and wind energy are not limited. Hence if these sources of energy are utilized for power generation, the energy crisis could be checked and stopped. The generation of power using these renewable sources of energy is economically costly. The total amount that would be required to spent for generation of power from these sources are relatively high in compare to the cost of power generation using fossil fuels as the source (Edenhofer et al. 2013). However if the design is made favorable for generation power with less costing, these renewable energy can replace the traditional process of energy generation in the future. The renewable energy is cheaper than other sources of energy. The technology used for generation of tidal or solar or wind energy is available in the market and it requires modification for generating huge amount of energy (Quaschning 2016). If the capacity of the energy generated by the tools and techniques is increased, then the usage of the fossil fuels can be reduced. The renewable sources of energy is reliable in nature and the manufacturing of the energy sources are economically stable and non vulnerable. The renewable sources of energy are environmental friendly and produces very low greenhouse emission. The power generation using the natural resources produces no toxic waste and does not pollute the air. The energy prices of the non renewable energy are unstable. However, the prices of the natural resources are stable and do not require profound pricing. Wind energy is the best source of energy for the places that are prone to wind velocity (Beurskens and Brand 2016). The windmills can be used for generating electricity by rotating the turbines of the motor. It requires simple technology for energy generation and is clean and eco friendly. Figure 5: Wind energy generation (Source: Hsu et al. 2014, pp-472) Originality check of the Assignment The percentage of matched text is less than 1% Kot, Sebastian, and Beata lusarczyk. "Aspects ofLogistics in Biomass Supply for Energy Production", Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013. Tthe term of Renewable Source was matched from the assignment. It is a technical term, so there was no alternative solution to it. No changes were made to the assignment for reducing the matched text. References Apergis, N. and Payne, J.E., 2012. Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-growth nexus: Evidence from a panel error correction model.Energy Economics,34(3), pp.733-738. Beurskens, H.J.M. and Brand, A.J., 2016. Wind Energy.Wind Energy,2015, p.2014. Edenhofer, O., Hirth, L., Knopf, B., Pahle, M., Schlmer, S., Schmid, E. and Ueckerdt, F., 2013. On the economics of renewable energy sources.Energy Economics,40, pp.S12-S23. Festus, M.O. and Ogoegbunam, O.B., 2015. Energy Crisis And Its Effects On National Development: The Need For Environmental Education In Nigeria.British Journal of Education,3(1), pp.21-37. Hannigan, J., 2014.Environmental sociology. Routledge. Hsu, M.C., Akkerman, I. and Bazilevs, Y., 2014. Finite element simulation of wind turbine aerodynamics: validation study using NREL Phase VI experiment.Wind Energy,17(3), pp.461-481. Hurt, M.R., Borton, D.J., Choi, H.J. and Kenttamaa, H.I., 2013. Comparison of the structures of molecules in coal and petroleum asphaltenes by using mass spectrometry.Energy Fuels,27(7), pp.3653-3658. Jacquet, J.B. and Stedman, R.C., 2014. The risk of social-psychological disruption as an impact of energy development and environmental change.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,57(9), pp.1285-1304. Ozturk, S., Sozdemir, A. and Ulger, O., 2013. The real crisis waiting for the world: Oil problem and energy security.International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy,3, p.74. Quaschning, V., 2016.Understanding renewable energy systems. Routledge. Qureshi, M.I., Rasli, A.M. and Zaman, K., 2016. Energy crisis, greenhouse gas emissions and sectoral growth reforms: Repairing the fabricated mosaic.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, pp.3657-3666. Rosenow, J., Platt, R. and Flanagan, B., 2013. Fuel poverty and energy efficiency obligationsA critical assessment of the supplier obligation in the UK.Energy Policy,62, pp.1194-1203. Tie, S.F. and Tan, C.W., 2013. A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,20, pp.82-102. Williams, F.A., Oppenheim, A.K., Olfe, D.B. and Lapp, M. eds., 2013.Modern Developments in Energy, Combustion and Spectroscopy: In Honor of SS Penner. Elsevier. Hein, E., 2015.Causes and Consequences of the Financial Crisis and the Implications for a More Resilient Financial and Economic System: Synthesis of FESSUD Work Package 3(No. wpaper128). Dicaire, D. and Tezel, F.H., 2013. Use of adsorbents for thermal energy storage of solar or excess heat: improvement of energy density.International Journal of Energy Research,37(9), pp.1059-1068.